论文简介如下：
A two-dimensional transient simulation model was proposed to investigate the effect of self-discharging on the performance of zinc–nickel single-flow batteries. The model was used to examine the dynamic characteristics of these batteries under no-load conditions and sustained
electrolyte flow. The model was also applied to investigate changes in the battery voltage with time and coulombic efficiency under charge discharge conditions with different current densities. The simulation results were verified in experiments involving a 250 mAh beaker battery under different working conditions. The following results were obtained: (1) the self-discharge effect was controlled mainly by the negative side reaction and drastically affected the battery potential at the initial stage of self-discharge; (2) during the charge–discharge process, the self-discharge effect decelerated the increase in battery voltage at the later stages of charging and exerted negligible effects at other stages; and (3) the cell coulombic efficiency can be increased by increasing the discharge current density to an appropriate value.